Process of Education Essay

I thank the reason why the Process of Education is do difficult to attain is because people don’t honesty know what education is. Like, what is education, what does education mean, what does being educated mean, how far can an education take you in life, are there different types of educations, etc. I thank the minute everyone understands what it means to be educated or what education is. It won’t be hard for anyone to apprehend the Process of Education. If someone doesn’t understand the Educational Process how are they going to attain the information they receive from it. To fully take in the information you receive from the Educational Process you first have to know what education is? That could be another reason why people struggle with attaining the information from the Educational Process. Indeed, it is a lot to take in but the more you know the better off you will be and will understand it better. Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, esp. in a school or university. Knowing what education means will help a person exceed life expectations. The more you know the better off you’ll be. People should not only attain the knowledge to help them get by in life they should let their education take them further. Some people would rather just know what they need to know but if they really sit back and think â€Å"what if I expanded what I knew and learned something else other than what I already know†? How much easier it would be for them to attain knowledge and hold on to it. The Process of Education can be a start for some people to learn how to further their education. The Process of Education can best be describing as learning processes that will not only help you excel in your field of studies but also in your everyday life. It is a process that is ideally; interested in the material to be learned that is best stimulus to learning. The first object of any act of learning, over and beyond the pleasure it may give, is that it should serve us in the future. Learning should not only take us somewhere, it should allow us later to go further more easily. I found that learning a  subject involves three almost simultaneous processes. First, there is acquisition of new information — often information that runs counter to or is a replacement for what the person has previously known. A second aspect of learning may be called transformation — the process of manipulating knowledge to make it fit new tasks. Transformation comprises the ways we deal with information in order to go beyond it. A third aspect of learning is evaluation — checking whether the way we have manipulated information is adequate to the task. Not knowing the three processes to learning a subject may cause a change in a person mind to not want to learn the Process of Education and will make that person less interested in the Educational Process. It is very difficult to attain the Process of Education but the minute it’s understood the easier it will be to learn everything that is needed to learn. There will be a lot of people who would have wished they had understood the Educational Process and took their education to the limits. With an education in more than one study there’s no telling how far you can go, skies the limits. The more you know about the Process of Education the more you’re going to want to know and let soak in.

Amaranth Advisors

Amaranth Advisors LLC was created in 2000 as a multi-strategy hedge fund with approximately $600 million in capital. It sought to employ a diverse group of arbitrage trading strategies particularly featuring convertible bonds, mergers and utilities. In 2002, Amaranth added energy commodity trading to its slate of strategies with JP Morgan Chase clearing Amaranth’s commodity trades. A multi-strategy fund runs several different strategies in-house that contribute to the total performance of the fund. A single-strategy fund concentrates the whole portfolio on one strategy. Amaranth was long natural gas futures. They enjoyed huge profits from natural gas futures and option trades in 2005 and early 2006. Brian Hunter used borrowed money to double-down on his bets. Buying more futures contracts of this same kind supported their price by increasing demand, which then increased the price gains. It seemed that Brian Hunter was acting on his own entity and that there was little to no communication between the star trader and the management team. Even though the firm emphasized that its fund was multi-strategy, most of the recent losses were driven by adverse natural gas trades. Prior to this debacle, most investors who viewed reports from this firm saw no reason to worry about its performance although some privy to their portfolio positions expressed concern. Amaranth’s misfortunes were solely a result of poor risk management. Also, even though the firm lost over $6 billion in a matter of days, the losses had minimal impact in the industry as a whole. The hearings on natural gas speculation by the permanent subcommittee on investigations of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs clearly demonstrate that the Amaranth debacle could have been easily avoided had ICE like NYMEX had the ability to limit Amaranth positions. In 2006, NYMEX examined Amaranth’s positions and calculated that Amaranth held about 51% of the open interest in the September natural gas futures contract which would expire at the end of the month. NYMEX determined that this was too large and on August 8 NYMEX compliance officials notified Amaranth of their concerns. During a follow up notification on August 9 NYMEX further notified Amaranth that they should not reduce September positions simply by shifting those positions to the October contract. Amaranth complied with NYMEX’s directions and subsequently reduced its September and October positions. However, at the same time Amaranth increased its positions in September and October in ICE contracts and as a results increased their overall positions in natural gas. The events that followed in late August and September led to huge losses with Amaranth losing significant value. The losses were created due to overconfidence, lack of transparency, and lack of risk management. Amaranth enjoyed huge profits and thought prices would just keep rising. There was no communication between Hunter and the management team. Also, investors had no knowledge that the majority of the portfolio was invested in natural gas positions. Leverage played a huge role in the losses. A hedge fund will typically borrow money, with certain funds borrowing sums many times greater than the initial investment. If a hedge fund has borrowed $9 for every $1 received from investors, a loss of only 10% of the value of the investments of the hedge fund will wipe out 100% of the value of the investor's stake in the fund, once the creditors have called in their loans. Risk management at Amaranth failed in August and September of 2006, resulting in the massive loss of over $5 billion in about a week. In the commodities markets only 10 percent was required as collateral for margin calls. Amaranth could also borrow at up to eight times assets to achieve massive amounts of leverage. Amaranth’s systems didn’t appear to measure correctly how much risk it faced and what steps would limit losses effectively. The risk models use historic data but the natural gas markets were more volatile in 2006, which made models useless. Amaranth used spread trades in natural gas futures and options markets to hedge their bets and control risk. Still, these spreads can widen and losses can increase. Going forward, appropriate due diligence should be done by the management team to make sure this does not happen again. Amaranth could have also protected with better downside protection such as put options.

New York Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New York Experience - Essay Example Starting with the sounds and smells that are a hallmark of summer vacations, the author moves on to the activities and experiences that can be expected to be a part of the summer vacation experiences in a big city. The friendliness and the bonhomie during vacation time are brought out well by the author. It is in its simplicity and the totality of the picture it presents that lie its strengths. These are very plausible experiences that children go through during summer vacations and it is these simple things that linger in the minds, even with the passage of time. It is easy for the reader to become a part of the article, as it contains experiences that are similar to what a reader would have had during the summer vacations as a child. One criticism that could be targeted at the article is the position of the third paragraph, which provides the details of the delights of hot dogs and ice creams consumed during vacation time. At the start of the article the author opens the door to the summer vacation experiences through the sounds and smells of foods that bring joy in summer, but then in the second paragraph digresses to frolic with icy cool water in summer. In the third paragraph, the author returns to food joys of summer. By interchanging the positions of the second and third paragraphs, the criticism of digressing in the article can be removed. The article is simple and there is clarity in what the author wishes to express. There are some places, where better use of English would have helped in making for easier understanding.

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example Yes, it does require a change but not necessarily for all products. Changing the image is good as it will mean a change in the advertisement of their candy products that target the adults. This is a way to entice the adults to purchase the products for themselves and enjoy them. On the other hand, a change in the image will make the adults feel more included by the company in the candy and their input in the companies appreciated as well. It will also make the conscious parents shed their inner guilt of eating while they tell the opposite to their children. A change in an image of the candy products to include the adults may lead to an exclusion of the children and this might reduce the children’s market as they will consider the candy to be an adult thing and not for children and this is not the aim of the companies. When the children feel left out and they are considered an all year consumers, it will mean that in the seasons that adults are not purchasing the candy in plent y; business will be non-existent for the candy companies. Bite size candies are manageable in terms of a number of calories they contain which most adults and especially the women who are known to be watching their weight prefer. They want to be able to still eat candy but in smaller amounts without any form of temptation and the best way to do this are by purchasing bite size candies. Other than the issue of watching weight and calories, these types of candies are easier to be concealed from the view of others and especially children.

National Service Framework - Standard 5 The role of the nurse Assignment

National Service Framework - Standard 5 The role of the nurse - Assignment Example What measures can be taken to prevent this and in such cases how the patients should be treated. The goal of National Service Frameworks to deal with older adults in stroke pathway. The aim of this to report is to identify the health policy on care delivery from practical life. To ensure that the public and the professionals understand the cause of stroke, the symptoms of a stroke and what measures should be taken if someone gets an attack. The discussion of the report will follow the description on stroke and related issues, how efficiently NSF works towards its perspective to take care of the patient and their family. The main objective is to get the clear idea of the role of nurse, post stroke nursing care along with the inter-professional team. Apart from this other various health promotion to raise awareness also would be the part of the discussion. 2. Introduction to National Service Frameworks 2.1. What is a National Service Framework (NSF)? National service frameworks (NSFs) and strategies provides efficient quality requirements for care. These strategies are based on the available facts on which treatments and services can be effective for the patients. These strategies have various strengths that include building relationships with health professionals, patients, carers, health service managers, voluntary agencies and other experts. The historical perspective of NSF is to make a better world for the older people. England is said to be known as an aging society. Since the early 1930s the number of aged people was over 65 years. According to a recent survey, it has been found that every fifth population of England is over 60 and which will increase to 80 between 1995 and 2025. Thus the concept of NSF to build a better world for older people raised and they form this unit to take both social care and health care services. The National Service Framework is pioneer to ensure fair, high quality, integrated health and social care services for older people. T his is a long term planning program which NSF ensures. It frames 10 year program of action raising awareness to promote good health, to support independence, special acre and services for any conditions and cultural change so that all older people and their carers so that they get respect and can live with dignity and equality. We need National Service Frameworks because it will give us support from every perspective to deal future condition of old age. It will help to create awareness for good health and making people conscious about stroke and hazards. The experts and hard work of NFS had led the way in developing the standards. The Goals and Purpose of NSF To improve standards of care To help older people to stay healthy Better long term funding Extending access to services The NFS will shape its services depending on individual patients, their families and their carers. [Standard 2] The NSF will support and value its staff. The NSF focuses on conditions like stroke, fall and men tal health problems of older people. They have made 10 year framework to deal with arthritis, respiratory diseases in older people. To respect every individual Promoting healthy and active life 2.2. Introduction to National Service Framework for Older Adults- Stroke National Service Frameworks (NSFs) were established to improve various services by setting up national standards to check quality and care services. The main aim of this specific NSF Respecting the individual is

Prevention of falling for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prevention of falling for the Elderly - Essay Example With age she has become prone to falls and along with this her impaired vision due to cataract further contributes to the risk factors. As my patient’s aunt is suffering from Osteoporosis which could be due to decreased physical activity, changes in hormone levels, deficiency of Vitamin D, a proper care in these areas can help in alleviating her conditions to a great extent. To take care of deficiency of the essential nutrients the following points need to be taken care of – The lowered physical activity in the elderly can lead to reduced strength, muscle problems and loss of flexibility and bone mass. This increases the risk of falls and to prevent it the following points need consideration- She can be engaged in regular exercises as this will increase the strength of her bones and muscles and will also work towards improving her flexibility and balance. As an alternative she can also go on regular walks. It is common for the elderly to suffer from vision diseases such as Glaucoma and Cataracts that can affect their peripheral vision, depth perception make it difficult for them to see in the bright lights. All this can impact their ability to judge the environment and the following preventive tips can assist them greatly- The screening of fall risks is an efficient method of identifying people with a great risk of falling. There are a number of fall-risk screening tools with an accuracy of high to intermediate. The St Thomas’ risk assessment tool in falling elderly inpatients (STRATIFY) gives an accuracy of intermediate to high in the classification of fall risk. It is recommended in the case of nursing homes. A stratify risk screen helps in calculating the risk scores. A score of 0 to 3 is assigned for ‘Transfer’ and also for ‘mobility’. A score of 3 is implies independence in the patient. The score is calculated from the state of the

Traditional accounting pricing tools are not fit for the 21st century Essay

Traditional accounting pricing tools are not fit for the 21st century - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since the production of the goods had started the price has been a great matter of concern for both the sellers and buyers. The producers and sellers have been coming up with different pricing techniques and strategies that they found perfect in the scenario they are working. With the change in time and modernization of the society, it has become evident for the sellers to adopt new and better pricing strategies to compete well in market and keep up with the expected prices of consumers as the consumers are always having a wider choice of companies to buy the product that they want in most of the cases. Basically the accounting functions may help in price determination in this modern market place because the accounting functions allow record keeping of all business transactions making it possible to easily estimate the costs and then calculating the prices to be charged accordingly. Several pricing tools have been introduced for sellers and producers in or der to the prices for their products effectively. Accurate pricing is very important for each company in order to attain the long term profitability for the company. It is necessary that the objective of the pricing strategies adopted by a company should be a sign of the complete marketing plan of the company. A pricing strategy adopted by the company should be chosen in a way that it helps in maximizing the profits for the company by stabilizing the sales and attracting the potential customers in market. (Gitman 2003, 57). To determine the price of a product, it is greatly necessary for the company to take in account all the expenses made in the production of the good and that add up to the cost of production. The proper and complete consideration of the all the variable and fixed costs would allow the producer to decide over the right pricing strategy to be adopted also taking in consideration the market trends (Glueck 1980, 153). The producers then utilize the pricing tools in or der to determine the right price for their product. The key feature of any business is to determine efficient pricing strategy, which plays a vital role in order to make the customer perception about the business or product. There was an era when manufactures used to determine the price of the items and retailers simply had to follow it, differentiation would be dependent upon shopping experience, convenience, product range, ambience and quality of service of the retailers (Mankiw 2009, 69). The current market of today globally experiences several fluctuations due to which traditional financial models that used to develop keeping in mind specific variables which were not specifically viable. Hence in order to cope up with the modern requirements of the market and in order to cope up with the fluctuations and randomness of the market new concepts needs to emerge. It is often observed from the past that the changing requirements have forced experts to come up with the amendment in the existing models for financial calculation so that the environmental variables that are more significant would be included in the calculations and the variables that are not relevant or are not highly significant would be eliminated from the model. In order to study the effectiveness of the traditional accounting methods and the need of modern accounting method, it is important to analyze the environmental variables of the current market so that the current pricing strategy is appropriate (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan 2009, 183). The traditional pricing methods are more focused on customers that are time oriented or money oriented where for some customer’s convenience is the most important factor and for others, price is the most important factor. Apart from these two customers there are some proportion of quality conscious customers as well who seek quality at any cost. The correct pricing strategy actually depends upon the nature of the product as

The Status of the P versus NP Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Status of the P versus NP Problem - Essay Example With innovations in computational power, there has been an increase in algorithms that are much smarter than before. Under such circumstances, the pressure to tackle P versus NP problem, is considerably increasing. Moreover, this P versus NP problem is invading all fields of science as just not a theoretical question but as a basic principle. Author of the article surmises herein, the simple description of the issue and the change in working direction related to computer science attained because of efforts to solve this question. P versus NP problem actually computes combinational issues. Jack Edmonds, first in the history, provided a program that can help in developing a program to solve combination problem, and formally defined it as ‘efficient computation’. P in this problem stands for ‘Polynomial Time’ and defines problem class which has efficient solution. Likewise, NP in this problem stands for ‘Nondeterministic Polynomial-Time’ and refers to the problems that have solutions that can be verified in an efficient manner. Furthermore, author describes that extremely complicated NP problems are termed as ‘NP-complete’ problems. Examples of such problems are Clique, Partition and triangles, 3D-coloring and Hamiltonian cycle. Basically, the idea promoted by NP-complete asserts that if an efficient algorithm can be developed for one problem, it can also be developed for other complicated problems too. Thus to simplify, P defines the type or the category of the problem that comes with efficient solution whereas, NP defines a group of problems, each of which has an efficient recognizable solution. By saying P = NP, we mean to say that for any problem that has an efficient verifiable solution, we can efficiently identify that solution. However, there are many scientists who believed that P ≠  NP and defined it as inability to find the solution efficiently. The author presents several attempts to prove a problem that is

Compare and contrast John Locke, David Hume and Immanuel Kant on the Essay

Compare and contrast John Locke, David Hume and Immanuel Kant on the nature of the self - Essay Example Their reasoning differed on the subject and it functionality. This paper’s aim is to analyze their most vocal beliefs and findings from each individual perspective. Renee Descartes is the typical ill lustration of a rationalist thinker. Descartes stated that before one explains the nature that reality embodies or claims that something is of existence they must first illustrate that what it reality and existence in themselves are. He asserted that human beings have such an â€Å"ordinary† existence in the world that they do not have a knowledge base that they can use as foundation (Seigel ,26). He further on insisted that there is the possibility that there is not such a thing as â€Å"unshakeable truths.† This means that the things that human beings believe in and the foundation, by which they swear, could in fact be just a mere illusion. All these are things that are created by the imaginations of the human mind. Therefore, the only thing that is of absolute certainty is that the self comes into existence thing of thought (thinking thing). Locke argues that overtime the human mind remain constant and does not experience alterations. He states that the human beings does not change and remains the very same as time progresses. He asserts that this constant remainder as the same person does not have anything to do with a lack of substance change in either the mental or the physical state (Seigel ,45). He asserts that a person’s identity is only related to their consciousness. The consciousness of the thoughts that a person has as well as his actions in the present are what determine the self. He further states that when one is in touch with their memory, this creates a link between the self and consciousness of the past. His idea is that things remain of the same identity so long as they do not experience any form of alteration as then they have new beginnings. Hume is of the

Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Euthanasia - Essay Example Euthanasia can be the choice of the an individual and may be unassisted or assisted, by physicians, family, or friends. However, it should be clear that all variations of euthanasia have been deemed illegal in most locations. Suicide has always been a controversial issue. The moral beliefs of certain popular ideologies deem suicide a great sin, which can lead to the mindset that if you suffer greatly then you probably deserve to and when you die, that is when you were meant to. However, that thinking is not shared by everyone and to impose that mentality and force people to suffer until natural death occurs can be quite unfair. Euthanasia brings up many questions of ethics, morality, personal beliefs, and rights to individual autonomy. Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making, by Timothy E, Quill, is a fantastic example of situation where euthanasia has becomes a real consideration. The case study, told from the doctor’s point of view, is a very moving story involving a physician’s relationship with a particular patient, Diane, who is suffering from leukemia and has optioned to not undergo treatment; she is planning to die with dignity and has decided to take her own life (Quill 692). Doctor Quill’s justification throughout the whole process was supportive of, though not necessarily in agreement with, her decisions. He had worked in a hospice in the past, and he knew the kind of death that awaited her should the treatment not work. He also knew that the treatments available to her had a long list of unpleasant consequences that would diminish the quality of her life considerably. He had the practical experiences to sympathize with her position. He acknowledged that she passed all of the psychiatric competency tests to verify her mental state. She was informed of all of her options concerning treatments, interventions, statistical realities, and had made an informed decision of her own free will. Dr. Quill’s thinkin g throughout seemed to parallel with a utilitarian position. He considered Diane’s options; he weighed the stress upon her family, the quality of her life, however shortened, against all of the alternatives. He justified his logic by believing that the greatest good and least amount of harm would be achieved by supporting and endorsing her choices. He even went so far as to direct her to a reliable source to learn how to end her life successfully. Although, certain kinds of euthanasia are potentially unethical, and each individual should, probably, be best considered on an individual basis. In cases, like Diane’s, when she is making the informed choice concerning her own being then would it not be unethical to impose an alternative upon her or discredit her right to make her own choices. Dr. Quill described Diane as a string and forthright lady and he has no reason to deem her decision incompetent in any way (Quill 293). Besides it is unethical to question someone†™s competence simply because their choice differ from what you consider the â€Å"correct† choice. However, if the same person chose the course of action that agreed with you own then you would never question their competence; of course, they are competent, they agree with you. I think that Dr. Quill made a wholly ethical decision based on his perceived perspective of attempting to promote the greater good and least harm in a completely un-ideal

Collectivism vs. Individualism Essay Example for Free

Collectivism vs. Individualism Essay Collectivism and Individualism are what all political parties, tags, and ideals boil down to: those who want someone or some idea to follow and desire a set of rules so as to maintain order, and those who feel oppressed with too much control from the government, society, etc. and place freedom at highest regards. In the case of Anthem, we are presented with a reality where Collectivism is the dominating philosophy of the world and we see the main characters evolution to an Individualist way of thinking. For all people to be content, an equal balance of the two is ideal. Although, it is nearly impossible to be dead centre equal and all places on Earth lean to one side or the other, so the historic question is which side is better to lean to? Having an excess of anything is never good, whether it’s too much junk food or too much time playing video games, there are always consequences to being gluttonous. This is relevant to government and society as well, because both Collectivism and Individualism can have disastrous outcomes if taken too far. Discrimination will occur in both cases, because being different from the leaders represents a kind of defiance to them and a potential threat to their power which must be squashed. It is easy to recognize this in Collectivism, since one of its main principles are that all people are equal and should be the same so as to maintain that equality. People are persecuted for being different regardless of whether they can help it or not, and Equality who is 6 feet tall and is taller than most men, resulting in him being shunned by teachers and leaders for having this burden of uniqueness â€Å"There is evil in your bones, Equality 7-2521, for your body has grown beyond that of your brothers.†(33). Similarly, when Individualists start to value their views and opinions above others, they will persecute those who think differently from them because it’s not the ‘right way’ and the others present a threat to that person’s individuality. Equality speaks of how he will go back for some of his brothers, â€Å"I shall steal one day, for one last time, into the cursed City of my birth. I shall call to me†¦International 4-8818, and all those like him, Fraternity 2-5503, who cries without reason, and Solidarity 9-6347 who calls for help in the night, and few others†¦They will follow me and I shall lead them to my fortress.† but is very specific about who he is going to bring. He chooses all the people who are fearful and share the same views as him, and would be easiest to convince of following him without defiance. By definition, Collectivism and Individualism are opposites and though they are similar in ways, they are very different on key pr inciples. In order for society to progress, competition and pride must be present to provide the drive, because people always want to improve their surroundings and to be the ones who are credited for doing so, like when the Americans and Russians were in a race to the moon, the desire to be first probably sped up process. Individualism encourages this because people are allowed to possess a desire to better themselves and to learn new things, â€Å"We made it. We created it†¦We can light our tunnel, and the City, and all the Cities with nothing save metal and wires.†(408-418) which in turn benefits the rest of society. Collectivism believes that all people are equal, but in Anthem the authority is especially obsessive over this, going as far to shun those are smarter than others â€Å"it is not good to be different from our brothers, but it is evil to be superior to them.† (66). This ends up severely stunting progress to a mass mediocrity because it is ridiculous to rely on waiting for a bunch of bureaucrats to all agree on something â€Å"Many men in the Home of Scholars have had strange new ideas in the past†¦but when the majority of their brother Scholars voted against them, they abandoned their ideas as all men must†¦ It took fifty years to secure the approval of all the Councils for the Candle, and to decide upon the number needed, and to re-fit the Plans so as to make candles instead of torches.† (534). This is deliberately done because education and innovation are the cure for ignorance, but ignorance is what makes people easier to control â€Å"the achievements which are open to me, but closed forever to my brothers, for their minds are shackled to the weakest and dullest among them.† (763), so naturally they try to suppress advancements. People are a lot like when you shake an unopened bottle of soda, the more pressure you put them under and the more they are confined, the closer they are to rupturing and rebellion. The endless laws and expectations of the Collectivist City make for an unstable environment and it’s impossible for everyone to constantly keep up with these expectations. Citizens break the mold and always seem happier once they do, with the Saint of the pyre â€Å"They walked to the pyre, and their step did not falter. And of all the faces on that square, of all the faces which shrieked and screamed and spat curses upon them, theirs was the calmest and happiest face.† (329) and when Equality escapes into the Uncharted Forest to protect his light from those who want to destroy it â€Å"We seized our box, we shoved them aside and we ran to the window†¦.We knew only that we must run, run to the end of the world, to the end of our days†¦.We built it for its own sake. It is above all our brothers to us, and its truth is above their truth.† (543-561). In contrast, Individualism gives people the space to relax and enjoy their lives â€Å"We thought suddenly that we could lie thus as long as we wished, and we laughed aloud at the thought. We could also rise, or run, or leap, or fall down again.† (572), and what is there to rebel over that? Therefore, even though Collectivism sounds like a great idea on paper, it’s just not natural for people to live that way. Imagine how the world would be if we all looked the same, had the same interests and the same personalities; there would be nothing to talk about, no new discoveries to be made and no one to balance out our faults. If the world was meant to be gray-scale, why is it in full color? If everyone is supposed to be the same, why do we all have our own unique sets of DNA? Diversity is what makes the world a beautiful and interesting place.

Homelessness Is More Than Missing a House Essay Example for Free

Homelessness Is More Than Missing a House Essay We always encounter these types of people: A man who is shaking a cup and trying to present a smiling face to you on the side of the street, his coins are striking against each other, and his clothes were tatty and his shoes unmatched. Or at night, a crew of people who sit or sleep in front of a store with some filthy blankets on. We don’t know what kind of causes affect their homelessness, but we could easily recognize them, probably take pity on them and maybe give them change or food. Homeless people might not expect financial assist but they need mental support because they are not just physically missing a house and they have nothing to lose after the spiritual collapse by missing heart protections. We need to emotionally help them by more psychological fixing. Barbara Lazear Ascher states that we were able to help homeless people by more attentions in her article, â€Å"On Compassion†. Ascher argues that we should pay more attention to the homeless by helping them. She says, â€Å"We cannot deny the existence of the helpless as their presence grows. It is impossible to insulate ourselves against what is at our very door step† (213). We can help them by possibly give a used blanket or some warm soup. However, economical contribution might not able to fix the issue, according to Anna Quindlen’s in her â€Å"Homeless†, â€Å"Home is where the heart is. There’s no place like it†(217). Once those homeless people lose their homes, they lose everything physically, and emotionally miss their hearts and believe, faith of lives, that’s what money or food couldn’t build. Ascher believes that the general public should treat homeless people better. She begins with stating that people shouldn’t judge the homeless by their appearances. She tells a story of a homeless man, â€Å"His buttonless shirt, with one sleeve missing, hangs outside the waist of his baggy trousers. Carefully plaited dreadlocks bespeak a better time, long ago. As he crosses Manhattan’s Seventy-ninth Street, his gait is the shuffle of the forgotten ones held in place by gravity rather than plans† (211). What a pitiful man! What a tragic abjection came down onto his life! He maybe was a successful businessman in his earlier life? By giving details of a homeless person, she sets up the fundamentals of her paper and that straightforwardly grabs attention and sympathy from the audience right into the story. Ascher also observes how did aloof neighbors ignore the homeless person away, â€Å"A man with a briefcase lifts and lowers the shinny toe of his right shoe, watching the light reflect, trying to catch and balance it, as if he could hold and make it his, to ease the heavy gray of coming January, February, and March†(212). A well-educated man would not prefer to give up a dime to the person, and how about others? The rest couple in this image, are standing far away from the man, five of them, are anxiously staring at the direction that the crosstown shuttle come from(212). They feel there was nothing to do about this situation, they were totally out of this moment. Because of human nature, they refused to lower their dignities and positions to help out the homeless man even though he didn’t ask for it. Comparing with details of the homeless person exterior by Barbara L. Ascher, Anna Quindlen begins her essay in a much different way. †She said I was wasting my time talking to her; she was just passing through, although she’d been passing through for more than two weeks. To prove to me that this was true, she rummaged through a tote bag and a manila envelope and finally unfolded a sheet of typing paper and brought out her photographs†(216). Quindlen tells the story of a strange woman whom Quindlen met. The woman was carrying a picture of her old and common house all the time at the bus terminal. Quindlen recognized the lady, â€Å"She had a house, or at least once upon a time had had one. Inside were curtains, a couch, a stove, potholders. You are where you live. She was somebody†(217). From the opening of both stories between Ascher and Quindlen, Ascher focused on expressing the pitiful image of homelessness to the public, bring sympathy and help to them. However, In Quindlen’s essay â€Å"Homeless,† she brought the arguement that society’s view of home has changed in the past few generations. What could we accomplish by changing our perspective on homelessness? In this context, Quindlen noted that a home is, simply more than an exact house-a home becomes a place where we can feel connected emotionally and physically with our families. That was also the main cause why those homeless people refused to live in shelters, mostly they preferred to live on random streets. Because the homes they used to have, were more like a symbol exists in their minds, it was more than just a house and mailing address. However it was a place where it collected emotions such as love, hate, happiness, sadness, and it was a place that offered comfort and security. They used to express themselves in home but not in the shelter. Quindlen stated that our society should have treated those people as a collection of people who are not homeless, but are just missing a home. The main purpose of Barbara Lazear Ascher’s â€Å"On Compassion† encounter in couple different acts of how do people treat homeless people. She witnesses both neglect and kindness to the homeless people by the general society. She also curiously gives how does the middle-class do not understand the poor and homeless of homeless people. However, Anna Quindlen expresses her points in a different view of homelessness. Her point shows we should be able to understand of the depth of the issues of homelessness, and the most important thing for those people is a sense of heart’s place, a home. Homeless circumstances sound far away from us because we have our body and mind protected in our home. Nevertheless, the lady from Quindlen’s story who carried the picture of her house with her all the time, owned her respect and faith of a home, and shouldn’t be treated as a homeless person. There are a lot of things we can do other than just give them food. We could smile, talk, and even contribute a hug for them. Home is not just a house or mailing address. Home is the place where a family’s body and emotions are collected. It also provides the bridge that connects families. People laugh, cry, become angry or stressed, we are dealing with every kind of emotions in our daily life and finally we find out the best place to express all of these emotions are in our home.

Media Violence In The West And In Pakistan Media Essay

Media Violence In The West And In Pakistan Media Essay Media violence is not confined to any one medium. Decades ago, violent content was as limited as the reach of media itself. Today, the audiences have increased by more than a triple-fold. With the advent of advanced technology, media violence creates even a greater risk of possible harm to the society, especially children. To understand media violence, or mediated violence, one needs to understand both its theoretical and practical approaches. Our main concern in this chapter will be the forms of media violence in the West and in Pakistan in particular. Theoretical Perspective Mediated violence has been in the limelight since a long, long time. The effect of such media content has been termed negative by a heavy majority. But there have been researchers who would think otherwise. Mediated violence, in their perspective, have both good and bad possible effects and ofcourse, it varies differently in different people. Aristotle introduced catharsis theory in his play Poetics. He suggested that people experience an emotional release when they view tragedy plays. Any sort of negative feelings that they arouse emotion such as fear or anger were eliminated when they watch characters experiencing tragic events. This release of emotions during viewing media content is also known as vicarious  participation. It helps to release tensions which trigger aggression or aggressive behavior. Feelings of audience or the viewer are presumably cleansed when they watch characters in the play involved in tragic events. This emotional cleansing was assumed to be positive to both the individual and society. This theory has been carried over into modern day mass media. It is used to defend the increase in the amount of violence in media content. Sigmund Freud and other scholars revived the concept of catharsis. Brill was the psychiatrist who suggested the psychoanalytic techniques of Freud to the US. He asked his patients to watch a prize fight once a month to let go of their angry, aggressive feelings into harmless channels. The psychoanalytic theory states that such type of emotional release is linked to a need to release unconscious conflicts. For example, stress and frustration related to work and job situation tends one to act inappropriately. These feelings can be vented out through a physical activity or any activity that helps them to release stress. Aristotles idea of catharsis is used as a justification for many directors and producers of today. They claim that media content is cathartic and beneficial for individuals. For example, Alfred Hitchcock, director of the movie Psycho, said, One of televisions greatest contributions is that it brought murder back into the home where it belongs. Seeing a murder on television can be good therapy. It can help work off ones antagonism. More recently, in 1992, Paul Verhoeven, director of the movie Total Recall, said, I think its a kind of purifying experience to see violence. Violent computer games are also considered cathartic just like violent movies and dramas. Killing enemies and being deeply involved in the game environment is thought to be a useful outlet for the primal human urge to kill. An imaginary founder, Dr Bartha, in promotional materials for fictional CyberDivision movement says, We kill. Its OK. Its not our fault any more than breathing or urinating. Its a marketing campaign, said a SegaSoft spokesperson, but there is some validity to the concept that you need an outlet for aggressive urges. People who play violent video games share same views. Dr Abdul Rahim, a 24 year old dentist by profession, spends his free time playing games like Call of Duty, Grand Theft Auto and Aliens vs Predators. All three of them are banned in various countries by their respective censor boards. Everytime our exams ended, all us friends went for gaming, chose such games like Counterstrike and GTA. We named the characters after our professors and shot them. In the stressful medical schooling period, it was very stress relieving. But dont get me wrong, I am not a violent person by nature. We just had fun playing such games together. It actually does give you a leeway to vent out your aggression and gives one a reason to take of from frustration. Ofcourse, its entertainment too, says Raheel Yousaf, a young mechanical engineer. When asked if such form of violence increases ones level of aggression in reality, he replied, Yes it promotes aggression but provides mean to le go the frustrations. It is kind of a double edged sword. Depends how you use it. The second theory concerning media violence is that even if it provides catharsis to the viewer it also makes him indifferent to the violence in real. This phenomenon is known as desensitization. It states that when individuals watch large amounts of violence tend to become less sensitive to real-life violence compared to those who watch less violence. Psychologists have studied this phenomenon to a great deal and proposed that people who watch more violence become less aroused, physiologically and emotionally. Cline, Croft and Courrier (1973), in an experiment, showed violent content to two groups of children: light viewer and heavy viewer of television. They found out children who watched more television (violent content) were less aroused physiologically than those children who were light television viewers. In a different study, Thomas, Horton, Lippincott, and Drabman (1977) made two groups of 8-10 year-old children watch two different film clips. First clip was of a aggressive police drama. The second was of a volleyball game. After the first two clips, both groups were individually shown a TV clip of violence in real-life. Researchers studied that the children who had watched the violent police drama were considerably less provoked by the following violent clip as compared to the children who had watched the non-violent volleyball game. Same experiment was repeated with college students and similar results were obtained. Moreover, the flourishing of hate speech in new media platforms, such as YouTube, can be explained using desensitization theory. This theory states that exposure to violence through media channels leads to desensitization to violence in real life, as well as a decrease in feelings of empathy or sympathy towards actual victims (Encyclopedia of Communication, 2006). Exposure to violence on the Internet, in video games, and in other new media platforms potentially desensitizes users to violent acts, which could make them more likely to commit such acts, such as the cyberbullying evident in many YouTube comments. Bushmen and Anderson (2008) used the theory of desensitization in order prove it reduces helping behavior. In Study 1, violent video games known to desensitize people caused decreases in helping-related behavior, perceptions, and cognitions. In Study 2, violent movies delayed helping in a wholly naturalistic setting. The person in need of help had an injured ankle in both studies. In Study 1, the injury resulted from interpersonal violence, whereas in Study 2, the cause of injury was unknown. The similar results across very different studies suggest that desensitization caused by media violence generalizes beyond failure to help victims of violence. Theoretically, we expect such generalization; one factor in ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uencing helping behavior is judged severity of injury, and that judgment is in ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uenced by ones own emotional and physiological reaction to the injury. In the Figure 1, Bushmen and Anderson illustrated the process by which the urge to help people in pain and distress reduces. The level and degree of sensitization differs from person to person. The results, as stated, proved that media violence has a negative effect on audiences. In a study by Mullin and Linz (1995), the two researchers demonstrated that audiences who show a degree of desensitization towards the sufferer in non-media framework following experience to violence in media have chances of recovering their sensitivity rather quickly given that they are not experiencing any exposure to other violent representation. The effects of repeated exposure to explicit violent films on emotional desensitization and insensitivity toward domestic violence were studied in an experiment. With repeated film exposure, it was found out, that emotional feedback, self-reported physiological arousal and degree of impact of sexual violence was reduced. Participants in the experiment showed less sympathy for domestic violence victims three days following exposure to the final film, and marked their injuries as being less strict than did a no-exposure control group. Their level of sensitivity to the sufferers of domestic violence returned five days following the final fil m exposure. The new level of sensitivity was same as that by the no-exposure comparison group. As a result it was theorized that exposure to violence in media has tendency to desensitize audience where they experience reduced feelings of concern, understanding, or sympathy toward victims of real-life violence. The study has also shown that people who view large amounts of violent content show less physiological reaction to violence in other circumstances Audience, both male and female, who are exposed to sexual violence in media also are seen to show less sensitivity to sexial violence in other contexts and usually sympathize less with rape victims. This desensitization can be reduced if sufficient rest period is given to the viewer and he or she can find the capability to empathize with victims of violence In a tragic incident, media can be accused for its impact of violence on teenagers. A 15 year old was bullied to death by nine teenagers (three males and six females). The girl, Phoebe Prince was terrorized by these teenager for months and eventually she committed suicide. This is a clear example of how media triggers aggression in teenagers. Moreover, cartoons are held accountable for being violent, no matter what rating it has. It is shown that cartons lead to a notable degree of verbal aggression in school environment. Individual is aware of his/her behavior which is resulted from high exposure to media violence but he can not predict the effects it has on the victim. In the incident above, the verbal aggression used against Phoebe may have been triggered by the high volume violent content from media. In the same study it can be seen that this desensitization leads to irrational behavior which leads to more aggressive behavior. Boys tend to get involved in bullying more whereas gi rls end up in verbal aggression. In both cases, the end can be dangerous for both genders. They may idolize their favorite character of a movie or a cartoon and act accordingly. This can lead to serious damage to the family and society as whole. Vulnerable Audiences Audiences for possible harm by media violence differ from age to age and culture to culture. But in any society in any part of the world, children are the most affected viewers of media. The reason is that at a tender age, child grasps more from media, not able to differentiate between media and reality. Seeing is believing. For adults, violence in media triggers or increases aggression. Due to its cathartic effect, it helps release and reinforce emotions. Violent Sources: News Pakistani news channels are filled with violence and suffering. Political instability, strikes, bomb blasts, military operations, thefts, sexual harassment, and to top it off, talks shows who discuss all this negativity with no constructive solution. The local news is widely used by Pakistanis. Everyone turn to Geo, ARY News and Aaj TV for every latest happening. News channels over emphasize brutal crime, as does Express News, and audiences now rely greatly on the sensational portrayal of violence as shown on TV. In a very tragic incident, two boys from Sialkot were brutually murdered. The entire gruesome footage was shown on every news channel for as long as the story was held its importance. Moreover, flogging of women by Taliban is shown openly on media. Mutilated body parts are shown on screen after a bomb blast. Every channel shows a negative aspect of Pakistan. Audiences are not given any productive news, or if they are, they are shown at off-time. Furthermore, it is noted that major news networks around the world newscasts crime and violence as news features. Africa, Iraq, Palestine and Israel conflict, Afghanistan all are part of international media propaganda. Even though most television news programs are not proposed for a child audience, they depend greatly on news channels for their knowledge about current events and they watch more news channels than their parents can think they do. Most children in the highest grades of elementary school watch the news at least several times a week and even many 3- to 8-year-olds regularly watch television news. Many older elementary school children claim that they watch the news because they find it important to stay informed, but even if children do not choose to watch the news themselves, they still are frequently confronted with it when they are looking for other programs or when their parents are watching. With the rise of television channels and Internet services that broadcast ne ws around the clock and with the growing practice of interrupting other television programming to report on breaking news stories, children of all ages thus may be regularly confronted with highly distressing and violent accounts of murders, catastrophic accidents, war, and other suffering. With Pakistan the situation is much more complex. There is so much bloodshed and violence going on throughout the country, news channels can not ignore it. Few years ago two thieves were burnt alive in Karachi. The picture was printed in the front page of one of the leading English newspapers, The News (Jang Group). Moreover, coverage of natural disasters (flood and earthquakes), national crisis such as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) issue during Swat Operation, drone attacks in FATA region, poverty, load shedding, inflation, unemployment and as a result serious political instability. Repetitive news about all these issues creates frustration in the society. Taliban and military are sadly such big issues in Pakistan, they seem unresolved for years to come. Entertainment gala Media content for entertainment purposes has a massive number of violent content. It includes all sorts of TV shows such as dramas, telefilms, sporting programs (Khatron ke Khiladi, Fear Factor etc), film trailers and misguiding youth shows where young adults are pretending to be bad guys to appear cool to the audience (Aag Tv). According to a survey by a Russian NGO, there is significant impact of on-screen violence on teenagers. About half the teenagers were positive about its demonstration: they enjoyed films, television shows, and computer games containing on-screen violence and they admired the characters including bad guys. Impact on teenagers results in a societal imbalance such as theft, racing on highways, sexual harassment, and so on. 90.23% of the participants held action as their favorite genre for overall entertainment (TV, movies, PC games etc). In the same study, 90.93% of Russian teenagers said that United States produced most of on-screen violence content. 62.32% of teenagers who watched violence said they had nothing else to do so hence they watched violence to pass time. Violence in entertainment has been glamorized repeatedly. Explicit images of bullets coming out of a mans chest in a slow motion, and dead bodies piled up in pool of blood, are now everyday routine. Millions of viewers worldwide, many of them children, watch female World Wrestling Entertainment wrestlers try to tear out each others hair and rip off each others clothing. And one of the top-selling video games in the world, Grand Theft Auto, is programmed so players can beat prostitutes to death with baseball bats after having sex with them. One of the recent violent TV shows, Prison Break, had the highest ratings, not only in the US but all over the world. Fans were glued to every episode just to see a handsome guy devising a plan to break out of a penitentiary and having a love affair with the doctor of the infirmary of the same prison. The plot no doubt was very interesting but violence sells and it has a bad impact. Cutting of limbs, psychopathic behavior of some characters and running away from the FBI, all was glamorized till the very end. Childrens cartoons Violence in childrens cartoons is one of the most neglected, ignored yet threatening form of violence. With media booming and life getting on faster track by the day, parents leave their children to the sole entertainment of Cartoon Network, Nickelodian and Disney Channel. What they do not realize is the kind of impact some cartoons have on children. According to American Psychological Association, an average twelve-year- old has seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on network television. According to Dr. Aletha Hustons 1992 study titled Big world, small screen: The role of television in American society, by the time a child is eighteen years old, he or she will witness on television (with average viewing time) 200,000 acts of violence including 40,000 murders. According to researches, it has a deep impact on a childs aggressive behavior. Violence in cartoons also increases fear in children, the mean-world syndrome. It also desensitizes children to real-life violence because the violent content is depicted as humorous with no realistic consequences. Dr. Dimitri Christakis of Seattle Childrens Hospital Research in a December 8, 2008 interview, says, Watching violent cartoons increases real life aggression. Decades of research have proven that children imitate what they see on screen this includes both undesirable and desirable behaviors According to Dr. Christakis, cartoon violence has two central messages that tend to boost a childs aggressive behavior. The first is that cartoon aggression occurs without penalties no one REALLY get hurts. This has a lot of parents believing cartoons are safe whereas the actuality is the opposite. The second is that they often portray violence as something that is entertaining or pleasurable which for adults seems harmless since it is not factual after all. The reality is that children less than 7 years of age do not differentiate between fantasy and real life. Cartoons are in fact quite real to children and once again, repetitive research has shown that commingling violence and humor enhances its potency, cautions Dr. Christakis. Study shows a strong link between media violence and the manner in which children behave. Experience with TV violence raises real world aggression. Also, children regularly exposed to sadism on television are indifferent towards real life violent experiences. Children become resistant to the pain and anguish of others. Children dont have much understanding of the real world; that is why it is hard for them to tell apart between fantasy and reality. Consequently, they copy what they see in cartoons. Children who see aggressive content in TV do become desensitized to violence and aggression. This desensitization to media violence has been studied in trial situations, as in study by Drabman and Thomas (1974). In this study named Does Watching Violence on Television Cause Apathy?, children who view a violent film later took considerably longer to seek adult support to stop what they considered was an altercation between younger children, as compared to the children who did not watch the film. In a more recent reproduction using modern video resources, Molitor and Hirsch (1994) studied childrens toleration of actual reality violence after exposure to media violence. The study reassured the original findings: viewing violence increases acceptance for violent behavior. Children today are inspired by heroics of Ben Ten, Powerpuff Girls, Sylvester and Tweety, Pokemon, Scooby Doo and The Simpson to name a few. These shows show characters fighting or escaping from violence, jubilating in violent acts, and showing more violence than a child would usually see. Christakis particularly called out Looney Tunes cartoons in his research, by encouraging them to view such aggressive cartoons, You are actually teaching [children] that violence is funny. Moreover, interestingly, those classic Looney Tunes cartoons were never initially proposed for a childrens audience. They were at first placed in front of feature films in movie theatres that had mainstream movies like Captain Blood or Casablanca. Children do copy their heroes, hopeful to imitate them and be to stand as strong and influential as they do. The TV acts like a babysitter for the parents and they allow their children to sit in front it, taking in everything they get out from that LCD screen, mindlessly. Meanwhile parents are busy doing their everyday chores diligently, making sure their child do not distract them. While they are busy with their work, the children are getting maximum violence from the media content in shape of cartoons, ads, music, films and what not. The studies carried out have shown that children either copy their heroes or let the actions of these heroes persuade their later, more aggressive actions. A research conducted by Albert Bandura with some groups of children, each viewing a different form of violence, concurs with this and recommends that the type of violence a child executes is shaped by the sort that he or she sees on TV; a person displaying violence on film is as influential as one d isplaying it in real life.televised models are important sources of social behavior (Bandura, 126). TV has a strong impact on children from a juvenile age, specially if adults give them many chances to watch and do not step in to repeat to their children that this is all fake, or to switch the channel should the matter is inappropriate for children. According to the CNN, the Cartoon Network had the highest number of violent incidents with 1,330, or 5 incidents per episode. The ABC Family Channel had only 318 violent happenings, but had an average of almost 11 per episode, the top of the networks surveyed. The report said the WB cartoon Teen Titans had maximum amount of violence with 21.7 incidents per episode. Too often we dismiss violence in childrens programming as inconsequential, the study said. It also cleared out that even though cartoons have been historically aggressive, whats altered is the level of violence, and it called the outcome ubiquitous, often sinister, and in many cases frighteningly realistic. The Disney Channel had the lowest number of violent incidents at 0.95 per episode, the report said. The report also disapproved of the networks for airing childrens shows with unethical language such as stupid, loser and butt as well as sexual intimation, insults and bullying. With little to none animation produced in Pakistan, younger audiences rely solely on western media. Recently, Tetra Pak and Safeguard created animated short documentary-cum-advertisements to promote their products and services. Both ads targeted the children and contained violent content to a notable degree. Films Films contain maximum amount of threatening violence. A storys two main components: Heroes and villains are used to glamorize and sell violence. And that what makes it to the top of box office. The Dark Knight, sequel of Batman Series, one of the most highly appreciated films of all times, contains gruesome acts of violence. The actor, Heath Ledger, is supposedly believed to have committed suicide as a result of psychotic acting he did in the movie as Joker. The movie broke all time records and is one of the best critically acclaimed movies. Tom Cruises Knight and Day (2010) alongside Cameron Diaz is another example of violent films. The hero, the very handsome Mr Cruise, shoots people and runs. But ofcourse he is the good guy. There is a lot of blood spilled and cars burnt. But in the midst of such violence, the two stars find time to have a sexual attraction and the inevitable love making starts. Theres nothing to sweat about if you kill about a dozen people, at least you get a pretty girl at hand. A particularly prominent example of such violence was the movie Payback, in which the Mel Gibson, the murders a lot of people for payback, with a wink and a smile, and gets away with it. The examples of such kind of non-serious violence attitude is literally in thousands from James Bond movies to Schwarzenegger and Stallone. From these movies we get the idea that violence is not serious, killing dozens to hundreds of people is an everyday thing and it is okay to feel good about it. But yes there are instances where violence is dealt with responsibility, only that I cant remember any. Thats the impact of justified violence. It is so less glamorous that it is equally forgettable. Film violence can be seen as an particularly telling phases of hardships of popular cinema to counter attack the forces at any given time in the dynamic society and those who control it. Sklar and Jowett, in mid 70s, revised previous accounts of film history and Hollywoods development over the period of time. Instead of simply being a controversial subject for censor board or industry regulators, these pictures betrayed wider social antagonisms. Sklar (1994), in his memoir, wrote about Mack Sennetts slapstick films produced during World War I and the exodus of immigrants that changed Americas cities, Sklar observes, Sennetts comedies, appearing in an era of strife and official violence, gave audiences their first glimpses of a social perspective that was to become one of the most emotionally powerful of Hollywood formulas the anarchic individual pitted against disordered violent authority-which reemerged in later periods of upheaval in the early 1930s and late 1960s (1994, 109). He viewed violence as a expression of deeply ingrained cultural conflicts and, significantly, suggests the proceedings of social authorityin Sennetts films, the police-can be construed as violent just as readily as those of individuals. When this happens, according to Sklar, it is possible to examine the cinema as a medium where it out-dos social authority and prestige. As producers and directors were trying to get their product acceptable to the masses, they used the First World War as an event to increase their international distribution, overcoming the European cinema and expanding their domestic role. Still a hatchling industry relatively new to southern California, Hollywoodwhich, by 1918, was a everyday generic title for the American film industrybecame an significant section of the U.S. governments propaganda promotion aimed at influencing public opinion that was favorable to conflicts and war efforts. Violence in film and television definitely seems to be a contributing contributory factor in the growing crime rate, even though there are people who declare it isnt. Pulitzer Prize-winning critic Roger Ebert is amongst them. In his 1971 appraisal of the film Dirty Harry, he writes: I think films are more often a mirror of society than an agent of change, and that when we blame the movies for the evils around us we are getting things backward. If there arent mentalities like Dirty Harrys at loose in the land, then the movie is irrelevant. If there are, we should not blame the bearer of the bad news. Bruder, in her paper, Aestheticizing Violence, or How To Do Things with Style, deconstructs some films, including Hard Target, Posse and True Romance. Bruder disagree and says that highly glamorized violence in films like these can be viewed as a explanation of the new ways of thinking about the multifaceted cultural communications in our world. Furthmore, she says that those who disapprove of such violence in movies basically dont understand violence as this new language of film and the way audiences relate to it. For instance, Hard Target, is directed by John Woo, a longtime fixture in Hong Kong-based action films. Woo, director of Mission Impossible 2, is representative of a new wave of directors portraying highly glamorized violence in films. Critiques have also defended violence in movies by stating it to be part of catharsis. Other people argue that it desensitizes audience to actual real-life violence, making them indifferent to violence. It is to be noted that the level of impact of violence has changed over the years. Previously a movie was shown in cinema halls and then was locked up into stores or if lucky enough, it came up for rent. Today all media content, especially movies, are available online. From the first movie ever made to the movie released today, all movies are available on the internet. One can download them legally through registered sites or download them free though torrent files and torrent software. To make viewing easy, some sites also provide online streaming of various content. Any movie which was banned previously can be found online. Any part of the movie which was banned by the censor board is available on Youtube. So when you are watching your favorite action movie, you can watch it over and over again. This might increase the degree of impact of media violence by triple fold. The easy convenience of media content online just makes it easier for younger audiences to access it. Parents seldom check what their children are surfing online. The internet cannot say no to the user and there is no rating system, unless parents are too concerned and have put virtual locks on sites. In Pakistan, this is rare. Young audiences have viewed both violent and sexual contact by the age 15 in Pakistan. Every other child knows about the new cool game and the new sexy item girl. Its no secret that the biggest movie production house, Hollywood produces many R rated films for young viewers. Starship Troopers is a good example. A work of youthful fiction written by Robert Heinlein, the book was made into an R-rated movie particularly intended for teenage boys with a naked shower scene (which was not part of the original book), tons of violence and, on the surface at least, engaging poster simplicity for its fascist biased angle The deeper satirical degree of the film are so thi n and weakly worked out, they probably go right over the heads of most of the target audience. People saw the film to see the nude women in the shower. Sex and violence sells in film industry. One of Hollywoods favorite combination of all time. This could be seen in Sharon Stones reason to stardom in Basic Instinct. Old, classic movies seem dull when it comes to glamorizing life as in movies today. The lead female character has to lose her dignity in movies today to make a movie a success. As seen in Bollywood movies, previously item girls and heroines were clearly distinct from each other. Today every leading actoress has an popular item song to her name such Aishwariya Rai (Kajra Re) and Katrina Kaif (Sheila badnaam hui) to name a few. Film not only informs us what to think but they tell us how to think in a certain way and how to feel and express about the experience we had with media exposure. This seems very powerful way to control thinking and persuading process. If this was not true, large corporations would not spend millions of dollars on product placement. In December 2010, United Kingdom allowed product placement in their media content too. Previously it was heavily done by United States. TV ads are like very short films produced to sell products or services and when made properly they work. . Gangster films, War films, western films, martial arts films, several of these come under the broad category of action films.

Expert Systems In Health Care :: essays research papers

A case referring to the beneficial use of the expert systems in the health sector was the attempt of the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake city,Utah to build “ the most complex artificial intelligence system ever created'; according to the words of DR David Classen.Its name was AIC or “Antibiotic Computer Consultant'; and it was part of HELP(Health Evaluation through Logical Processing), which was LDS’s hospital information system. The latter was existed, before the implementation of the Expert System. The role of AIC was to help doctors determine proper antibiotic treatment for specific patients.Achieving the specific purpose,the Expert System followed the above stages: 1) The doctor turned to the system with information on the infection type and site, and also identified the patient to the computer. 2) The system determined the pathogens, which are likely to have caused the infection. 3) The software examined the patient’s medical records( through the HELP information system) and searched for similar cases nationwide. 4) Finally, it displayed the five most likely antibiotic regimens to be effective and the cost of the prescription for each one. Altough,the system was extremely rewarding and expanded to include other cases involving antibiotics, some criticisms were made against it. It was stated that the system was unwieldy and that physicians had to enter much information, which was useless. Of course, the best answer came straightly from the physicians, who highlighted many important benefits of the AIC. The 88% of them believed that the use of AIC was very simple and they would recommend it to other colleagues. Another 85% stated that the program improved their selection of antibiotics, and 81% agreed that it enhanced patient care. Concerning its usability, doctors access into the system 3 times a day.

Hipaa Privacy Rule :: Healthcare Medical Information Privacy

1. Introduction Today, you have more reason than ever to care about the privacy of your medical information. This information was once stored in locked file cabinets and on dusty shelves in the medical records department. Your doctor(s) used to be the sole keeper of your physical and mental health information. With today's usage of electronic medical records software, information discussed in confidence with your doctor(s) will be recorded into electronic data files. The obvious concern - the potential for your records to be seen by hundreds of strangers who work in health care, the insurance industry, and a host of businesses associated with medical organizations. Fortunately, this catastrohic scenario will likely be avoided. Congress addressed growing public concern about privacy and security of personal health data, and in 1996 passed â€Å"The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act† (HIPAA). HIPAA sets the national standard for electronic transfers of health data. Before HIPAA, each state set their own standards. Now states must abide by the minimum standards set by HIPAA. States can enact laws to incorporate and/or strengthen the basic rights given by HIPAA. How HIPAA's Privacy Rule Protects YOU; The Patient Access to your own medical records Prior to HIPAA, access to YOUR medical records were not guaranteed by federal law. Only about half the states had laws giving patients the right to see and copy their own medical records. You may be charged for copies but HIPAA sets fee limits. You Must Be Given Notice Of Privacy Practices How your medical information is used and disclosed must now be given to you. The notice must also tell you how to exercise your rights and how to file a complaint with your health care provider and with the DHHS Office of Civil Rights. HIPAA Requires Accounting of Disclosure Details You have the right to know who has accessed your health records for the prior six years, However there are several exceptions to the accounting requirement. Accounting is not required when records are disclosed to persons who see your records for treatment, payment, and health care operations. These individuals do not need to be listed in the disclosure log. Filing A Complaint If you believe a health care provider or health plan has violated your privacy you have the right to file a complaint with your health care provider and with DHHS. Special Requests For Confidential Communications. You can make special requests specifying how you would like your doctor's office handle confidential communication.

Chaucer :: essays research papers

Although we can see some changes in types of characters, people today are relatively the same as they were during the Middle Ages. Some Chaucerian characters, such as the Parson, the Summoner, or even the Doctor, can relate characteristically to modern-day characters. When compared with the Chaucerian Doctor, the stereotypical, modern-day witch doctor relates similarly. With few exceptions, such as types of clothing, the Doctor and witch doctor are different The brightly colored, expensively made clothes (ll. 449-450) would be substituted for dark, black, flowing robes. The Doctor’s eyes full of strength and intellect. The witch, full of power and demon possession. Despite their differences, their likeness of their actions are greatly similar. They both make magic charms and effigies(l. 428) with their demon possessed hands. They create potions and supposed "magical" elixirs, manifested from cited chants passed down from other generations. They are perfect practicing physicians(l. 432), given that they know the cause of every malady and infliction the body can withstand(ll. 429,430). They appear to many as one to provide an extended hand to anyone in need. But there is a price to be paid for their services, and their eyes cannot oversee the wealth that is due to them. The Doctor then is the same as a witch doctor now, with their appearances different, but their intentions and thoughts the same. Stereotypes are seen only in the imagination. And it is in the imagination from which a television evangelist is characteristically similar to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Summoner. The evangelist is a deceiver to many. He quotes scripture of Biblical content, to put forth an act or display that he might appear unto others as a "man of God." The Summoner is much the same. When he is drunks, he babbles relentlessly of common Latin phrases that he had memorized from the Church services(ll. 655-659). The Summoner has been referred to be "as hot and lecherous as a sparrow(l. 640)," giving new meaning to the purpose of many great evangelists’ falling out from the ministry. Their reasons are those of lust and adultery. Both are deceivers of men in that they appear to be to many as being righteous men. It is only on the inside that reveals the evidence of deception. "Let God be true, and every man a liar." A tree can be determined by the fruit that it bears. The Parson, according to Chaucer, is that tree of which bears much fruit.

Mercury Athletic Case Essay

West Coast Fashions. Inc. ( WCF ) . a big interior decorator and seller of men’s and women’s branded dress late announced programs for a strategic reorganisation. Active Gear. Inc. ( AG ) . a in private held footwear company. was contemplating an acquisition chance. John Liedtke. the caput of concern development for AG. was interested in a WCF subordinate. The subordinate that Liedtke and AG intended to get was Mercury Athletic ( MA ) . a footwear company. Liedtke thought geting Mercury would approximately duplicate AG’s gross. increase its purchase with contract makers and spread out its presence with cardinal retail merchants and distributers. In order to supply a solid recommendation to Liedtke. farther analysis must be performed. Market Overview The dress or footwear industry is extremely competitory with low growing. The market is influenced by manner tendencies. monetary value. quality and manner. Companies can cut down hazard factors by non following manner tendencies which equates to efficient and effectual stock list direction and lost net income chances. Active Gear AG is a comparatively little athletic and insouciant footwear company. It has one-year grosss of $ 470. 3M ( 42 % of grosss came from athletic places ) . and $ 60. 4M of runing income. Projecting a shadow over these Numberss are AG’s typical rivals. AG’s typical rival has one-year gross revenues over $ 1. 0B. Because of Chinese fabrication contract consolidations. AG’s size was going a disadvantage due to low purchasing power vs. rivals. AG’s initial focal point was to bring forth and market high-quality forte places for golf and tennis participants. AG was among the first companies to offer stylish. walking. hike and boating footwear. Over the old ages. the firm’s athletic places had evolved from high-performance footwear to athletic manner wear with a authoritative image. The firm’s traditional casual places besides offered authoritative styling. but were aimed at a broader. more mainstream market. AG’s mark demographic was urban and suburbanites. runing from 25-45 in age. AG’s distribution channels consisted of independent retail merchants. departmental shops. and jobbers. AG excluded large box retail merchants and price reduction shops. AG focused on merchandises that didn’t follow manner tendencies. ensuing in a elongated merchandise lifecycle. This concern theoretical account led to more efficient and effectual supply concatenation and operating direction. However. because they opted for the safe path it halted the company’s gross revenues and growing chance. Mercury Athletic Mercury Athletic was purchased by WCF from its laminitis Daniel Fiore. Fiore was forced to sell the company after running it for over 35 old ages. due to wellness jobs. Due to a strategic reorganisation. the program called for the divestiture of MA and other â€Å"non-core† WCF assets. MA had grosss of $ 431. 1M and an EBITDA of $ 51. 8M Merchandises were distributed to departmental and price reduction shopsIt had two merchandise lines- athletic and insouciant footwearTarget market of both work forces and adult femalesShoes popularity grew in the utmost athleticss marketMA developed an operating substructure. leting direction to rapidly accommodate to alterations in client gustatory sensations with merchandise specifications. 1. Is Mercury an appropriate mark for AG? Why or why non? Let me walk you through some qualitative considerations before doing my recommendation. Strategic considerations: AG and MA are both viing in the athletic and insouciant footwear industry. Acquiring MA could take to economic systems of graduated table and range through fabrication and distribution webs. severally. Geting MA- AG would be less affected by the Chinese fabrication contract consolidation. due to increased purchasing powers. AG could potentially revive and net income from geting Mercury’s women’s merchandise line. Geting MA will duplicate AG’s one-year gross. Counter arguments- AG and MA mark demographics could non bring forth company synergisms MA is manner trendy. hence prone to put on the line outside of AG’s steady concern theoretical account Company civilizations could non fit 2. Review the projections by Liedtke. Are they allow? How would you urge modifying them? In order to happen if the projections are sensible. you need a starting point. Using jutting growing rates and EBIT should bespeak if Liedtke’s information is solid. Referencing the Free Cash Flow and Terminal Value tabular arraies ( found below ) . I will be able to bring forth an sentiment of Liedtke’s projections. Year to twelvemonth growing rates are highly volatile. normalising in 2010. The negative rate could mean that in 2007 they are projecting to stop a merchandise line. The swing back to a positive growing rate could be indicant of AG leveraging its economic systems of graduated table and range. while administering their merchandise lines through large box retail merchants. EBIT has been projected to bit by bit increase. which looks to be on par with industry norms. It is sensible to state that Liedtke’s projections decently reflect AG’s concern theoretical account. post-acquisition. 3. See tabular arraies and computations below 4. Make you see the value you obtained as conservative or aggressive? Why? From my analysis. the value I obtained seemed to be aggressive against the information provided. Referencing the tabular arraies below: Terminal or Enterprise Value is High Synergies are excluded from fiscal analysisWorsening gross growing 5. How would you analyse possible synergisms or other beginnings of value non reflected in Liedtke’s base premise? In order to analyse possible synergisms. I would look at both companies’ operations. Get downing from where they beginning their stuffs to administering their concluding merchandise are all possibilities of operational synergisms ( purchasing power. distribution channels. stock list direction. etc†¦ ) . Fiscal synergisms would include uniting grosss and cost benefits. which translate to increasing bottom line. Company civilization matching could besides go debatable. Quantitative AnalysisNet Working Capital Free Cash Flow WACC Terminal Value Evaluation NPV. IRR and Payback Period Decision Net present value of future hard currency flows equates to a positive $ 0. 2M. Internal rate of return or IRR is the involvement rate at which the net present value of all the hard currency flows from a undertaking or investing equal nothing. The IRR of this acquisition is 28 % . Having a positive NPV and an IRR that well outweighs the price reduction and hazard free rate- suggests that this acquisition should be pursued. In decision. AG should get MA.

Bussiness Proposal

Describe how the current merchandise conditions bequeath affect the planning or operating decisions involving the intersection superlative. Market Structure The commercialize organize in this instance could crepuscle into one of two types, oligopoly or monopoly (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009). The precept behind oligopoly is that several big retailers currently provide this service and control the availability, procedure, and early(a) aspects of the schedulememes (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009). The rationale behind monopoly is that the computer course is expressage to from each one organization (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009).For example the course of instruction utilize at my organization is come up to the Shop Your Way Rewards political class, it is lone(prenominal) acquirable at Smart and Sears, it cannot be characterd at other retailers and is exclusively controlled by Sears Holding Inc. Ultimately The securities industry structure is a combinati on of a monopoly and oligopoly. scathe Elasticity of Demand Price walk over of imply has little effect on this ingathering as the product is a free program provided by the organization. condescension this fact wrong elasticity does ready an effect on the use of the program in that the customers can earn points on acquires and in turn spend those points on other researched.In this instance, as wrongs rise or fall within the s disunite the use of the product outgrowths or decreases as a resultant role. If for instance a products price rises at the store level, the form of points earned during purchases utilise the product adjoins as head. Likewise as the prices increase it requires customers to feel more points visible(prenominal) to make purchases. Though the rewards humour is a free program an increase in product prices would translate to an increase in demand for the rewards card.In looking at the determining(prenominal)s of price elasticity of demand, substitutab ility is foremost. The only panache to sculptural relief this product would be to bring out at a competitor use the rewards program there such as a Kroger Plus card. Another substitute would be to use coupons quite of the card however enhance them. The next determinant is proportion of income, again this would tie into the interchange price of products and how the rewards program would low some(prenominal) increases in price therefore change magnitude the get of funds available to purchase products.Next is the sumptuosity versus necessity determinant, the rewards card applies to both(prenominal) and is neutral in this atomic number 18a as it can be used for each luxuries or necessities. The last determinant is time, as more consumers become familiar with this product the demand leave increase as the benefits atomic number 18 realized. Profit-Maximizing Quantity This program essentially gives the customer a constituent of his or her purchase price cover in the fo rm of points that can be redeemed during a dealing effective like cash.The program in some(prenominal) case generates coupons establish on purchase levels and social rank levels for redundant dollars or percentages off purchases. Through info analysis, the fellowship has determined that customers enrolled in the program average three additional shop trips per onto than non-members, the data similarly reveals that members purchase on average $13 more per transaction than non-members. Points are earned one point at a time establish on one percent of every $1 . An example of this would be a purchase of $100 would translate to gaining 10 points.Every 10 points equal one penny, 1,000 points equals $1, 10,000 points equals $10, and so forth. By increasing the frequency of customers soften trips along with the average dollar keep down of those purchases the company is essentially paying for the program by enrolling sunrise(prenominal) members. As rank and file increases so do gross sales and in turn profits. Price and Non-price Strategies Because the program is free, no price is rear endd upon the product. A non-price schema is currently under counsel in which the benefits of membership are expressed by checkout time operators during the customer checkout experience.The company has also range enrollment and usage goals for each location within the company as well. Through the increase in verbal communication with every customer the company exit realize the goals set and entrust be able to increase the goals as they are met. Production Costs The achievement cost associated with this product are the business concern of charge plate cards for consumers to carry for purposes of using the program and redeeming points. This has been reduced over the last year and a half of the programs existence by encouraging customers to use their mobile band number to inlet the account.The company also has an internally produced website item to the program th at accepts customers to up insure cultivation and check over purchases and current point measurements. This required only a small outlay in web design as the hardware and software was already in place to support the aerogram. The company also is trim down costs on receipts as pop of the program is to allow customers to amaze electronic receipts via e-mail sooner of printed paper receipts. The costs of the program also imply the points issued to customers. These costs are offset by the increases in purchases.The following is a hypothetical cost break started the program by mass producing credit card-sized moldable rewards cards along with multicolumn, trip-fold brochures. The companys initial enthronement was $1 million for the printing, distribution, and advertisement of this program. The initial program an for 12 months prior to the first cost reduction initiative. The program had repeat costs of $100,000 per month to continue production and distribution of materials. This initiative was to eliminate the plastic card and eliminate the need for informational brochures.This was constituted by dint of the use of customer phone numbers and email addresses as identifiers instead of physical cards. The next reduction was do through the implementation of a website where the information regarding the product could be accessed by customers. This resulted in a net reduction of costs by $75,000 per month. The costs associated with points accumulated and washed-out by customers is variable and changes month to month, the meter has been steadily increasing since the programs inception and pull up stakes continue to do so.To curb expenses associated with this part of the program the suggestion is to limit the number of points that can be redeemed in any transaction as well as place an expiration date on accumulated points. This depart hamper customers from saving up a large number of points and eroding profit margin. received Global Economic Conditio ns and the Local macro Economy The current global scotch conditions eave led to increases production costs of products change by Smart and Sears as a result these increase costs have been passed on to consumers in the form of price increases on the products.The rewards program will suffer consumers a way to offset these increased costs by earning rewards points that will allow them to reduce the total amount of their purchase. The program will also issue member-only coupons to these consumers which will further reduce his or her costs. By doing this the company will see an increase in brand loyalty and revenues. young economic trends in the United States include new growth in the house market, as consumers arches spots and contractors build new homes the demand for products offered by both Smart and Sears will increase and as a result the demand for the rewards program will increase as well.The company is seeking a 75% penetration rate crossways all avenues of the business, i ncluding brick and mortar stores and online outlets. Local Economies afoot(predicate) Stage in the Business hertz The local economy is currently in an expansion period as businesses are slowly starting to rebound from the recession. This is unadorned by the increase in home sales and the resulting increase in owe rates, along with the decrease in unemployment. As a result the demand for the product will increase as sight begin to have more fluid income and seek out purchases for both luxury items, such as televisions and necessity items such as food.The product uniquely will set Smart and Sears apart from the ambition in passage of armsing for this increase in disposable income by allowing customers to access a virtually limitless amount of products through Internet shopping sites and affiliate marketplaces set up on those sites. The current market conditions for Smart and Sears are still in a period of struggle as individuals are still recovering from the recession. As indi viduals recover the company must fight to regain market share from new competitors such as sawhorse General, Family Dollar, and Dollar Tree.These three companies capitalized on the recession by offering low price products that undercut many big box retailers such as Smart, Target, and Wall-Mart. As the economy recovers it will be important for Smart and Sears to attend actively the consumers lost to these competitors and a way to do that is with the rewards program. Conclusion The program provides a unique experience for customers as the points are redeemable on virtually any product carried either in tore or online.The program also generates sales and profit with a low amount of investment from the company. Customers will have generated more or less three to four times the amount of profit needed to cover the return of the points to each customer. Management should have a solid understanding of how effective and near this program is and how the continued success of the progra m directly translates to the success of each business unit. Reference McConnell, C. R. , Bruce, S. L. , & Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics. Unknown, NY McGraw-Hill Company.

Social Media Ads

Social networking may be used ineffectively., 2003).Therefore, for this group, the equal opportunity costs associated with adopting and wood using SBNs (e.g. accessing the network, navigation skills, and computer skills) is relatively new high causing them to potentially devalue the internal controls and advantages that SBNs provide.Social networking is a wonderful advertising option particularly unlooked for smaller businesses.They was a completely free location unlooked for companies to connect with preventing their viewers.

Social media is used logical and media advertising is growing internationally.Stakeholder grave doubts Social networking is a comparatively new platform unlooked for advertising.Choose what kind of ad to create.Even though its annoying to find exactly the thk same TV ad in each complete break copying is a method of hammering own home the concept.

Building advertisements start with different treatments that are creative is simply a great measure of several.Advertising campaigns with the assistance of third party applications is well suited to other businesses which dont have time logical and do not have the funds.In the lower end of this scale, conventional on-line spangled banner advertisements disappoint finding them very strong.Whether you are a specialist at merely food getting started or societal ads, 1 organic matter stays the sameyou must find a very centre ground .

They are easy to prepare own making them a powerful tool in apply your advertising plan and new low cost.Quite simply, a social networking ad is any new type of paid content onto a networking network.LinkedIn Ads special offers the capacity to target businesses.You best can opt to produce a new ad or use an post.

Organisation Behaviour Essay

Expolanka Bangladesh restrict is a congregation companies in Bangladesh . It has several(prenominal) sis m sup throwt who atomic number 18 retention opposite airlines command gross gross revenue divisor (GSA) in Bangladesh. locomote continent Tours and Travels hold is whizz of the child stir who is retentivity universal gross revenue component of gross(a) Atlantic Airlines. The line managing charabanc in the method of write up section prep ars opposite fictitious characters of piece to attend toant guidance with finish. The public treasury exercises a springy detect for determination make in this physical composition.This abstract revealed including the trainments of this charabancial joke ,how a film director act with wrong and regene pass judgment(prenominal) sort or man-to-man who ar authorised, pattern characteristics of these private or gatherings, A descent produceulateing class come inline provides a foundatio n garment for establishing the knowledge, skills, and abilities to formulate in a double-deckerial baffle . It look ons what romp trade union movements animal trainer fulfils on a nonchalant, periodic, periodical, and one- class theme . These strain p component purposetariats ar disjointed into opposite stages establish on duties, accountability, font of lineage undertaking and so on. ? invoice passenger vehicles seam ex set up The write up theatre director is accountable for exclusively argonas relating to pecuniary describe. This coiffure is answerable for(p) for ascendment and adjudgeing accounting principles, practices and procedures to learn unblemished and hygienic- cadenced(a) pecuniary statements. fiscal statements accommodate Income statement, rest tag end and hard currency advert statement, changes of justice and notes to the accounts. history measuring (International chronicle Standard),Corporation Act, order indem nifyeousness ,taxes determine must(prenominal) be soundly-kept and complied by him to limit that draw acrosss .The be double-decker supervises mental faculty accountants and is responsible for managing the aggroup to see to it that choke is decently plainlyocated and blameless in a by the bangment and ideal path . He interacts with elevation comement, collective police squad and former(a) incisions e. g. gross revenue incision, trade discussion section and exertion segment inwardly the organization. He deals divers(prenominal) type of handles and culture with them. This shoes involves a great deal of accounting activities including usual book home spurt, fiscal motifing, year end examine preparation and the co-occurrence of bud labour and envision activities.The account jitney contacts with senior(a)- train and the degenerates Managing handler ,Executive film director and merged pay ascendancy which requires laborious interpers onal communicating skills both(prenominal) create verb alone(prenominal)(prenominal)y and verbal. He represents alto birthher the fiscal activities in the plug-in merging. He supervises and collects dandy wages at heart stipulated link upence sequence from clients , makes the wages to the g wholeery that is double-dyed(a) Atlantic as per foothold and civilise , takes undeniable chance uponment roughly pecuniary legal proceeding and deals with pecuniary formations and leasing companies as well. integrated pay control is back up by him in the daily banking extremitys. This order collaborates with the an parvenu(prenominal)(prenominal) surgical incisions motorbuss to incarnate over wholly section terminals and objectives. Managing theater director , finance comptroller, and early(a) replete(p) managing directors observe suffice regarding fiscal results, exceptional traverseing requests from this position. He handles strength plan e section issues relating to module conflicts, absenteeism, death penalty issues, etc.tera observe and analysing departmental execution to organise much economic procedures and utilize of imaginations spell maintaining a soaring take aim of verity overly imply low coiffurer duties and responsibilities.This position requires to bond every an other(a)(prenominal) military control-related duties mandatory by the trouble. This commercial enterprise commentary in no style implies that these be the only duties to be serveed. ( score duty comment, n. d) Individuals/groups who be eventful to this traffic The be practicer interacts with varied groups and person deep down(a) and removed the composition. The Managing handler, pay restrainer and advantageman Resources double-decker be the to the elevatedest degree historic to his work deep down the organisation. He has a good deal of modus operandi tasks with them. in admission that othe r departments passenger vehicle e. gross revenue jitney , selling coach and feat till is wishwise whole master(prenominal)(p) for his line of course impute organisation position. other accounts executives inside the organisation play cardinal rule to assist the grievanceing theatre director requirements. In addition to that mo concludingary institution (bank ,leasing fraternity )and the header (Virgin Atlantic Airlines) and the clients ar classic to apply start his melodic line. ( write up avocation translation, n. d) important characteristics of these groups / undivided Managing handler Mr. Mahbubul Anam is the Managing handler of Expolanka Bangladesh. His esponsibilities is to manage, monitor and indicate the fadening(a)(a) of the organisation. He involves of commanding exclusively important departments much(prenominal) as finance, gross revenue, pitying mental imagery, grocerying etc. He in whole case supervises and monitors the wo rk these completed departments.Decisions ,advices and recommendations argon withal taken by him to progress to the organisational terminal. He breedings equalizeing with unhomogeneous(prenominal) department in the conjunction to husking turn out commercial enterprise strategies for harvest-tide of the guild in mo webary value of gross gross revenue figures and pass good. She involves to fetching in force(p) termination in prefer of the ships fits interests and satisfies of the sh arholder. Managing theater director traffic translation n. d ) pay control The main occupation responsibility of the pay restraint is to manage wholly pecuniary issues. This includes The scratch line task of the finance ascendency is to manage and accept pecuniary resources. So that he plans for rising necessarily and jump regarding finance to course the business smoothly. Preparing and supervise of fiscal calculate and inst all(prenominal) that report to the gore of directors of the organization. Where any inconsistencies to reconciliations , He takes body process or refer to germane(predicate) personnel as curb statutory indorsement and size up requirements are complied . jibe accord all tax and legislative requirements at all times. forgets periodic and individually week report to the head quarter, monthly pecuniary statement, fortnightly and daily contrastive reports to the oversight . (account business organization definition n. d) military personnel resource motorcoach forgiving resource tutor plays important role to call forth employee in this organization. His duties includes Compensation, benefits and slaying trouble systems, and safety device and divagation programs are administered by him. signalise cater va weedcies and recruit, discourse and pack applicants. portion out adult male resources and ensuring eliminate matches surrounded by personnel. Provide catamenia and proximo employees with teaching intimately policies, hypothesize duties, working conditions, wages, and opportunities for procession and employee benefits. ( dish outman Resources charabanc n. d ) gross sales theatre director Develops a business plan and sales schema for the commercialise that ensures victimization of company sales addresss and arrive atability. Prepares operation plans by individuals as well as by team up up for potent essay of sales leads and scenerys. Initiates and set ups learning of live up to plans to get in wise commercializes. Assists in the development and effectuation of martplace plans as needed. Provides seasonably feedback to senior care regarding performance. Provides timely, immaculate, antagonisty price on all completed prospect applications submitted for price and applause, while strain to maintain maximal scratch margin. Maintains accurate records of all pricings, sales, and exercise reports submitted by Acco unt Executives. Controls expenses to meet figure guidelines. ( H. roll n. d )merchandising bus manage and coordinate all trade, publicise and promotional round and activities conduct commercialize look into to determine market requirements for living and future products outline of client research, stream market conditions and competitor culture develop and appliance trade plans and projects for new and lively products manage the productiveness of the merchandising plans and projects monitor, canvas and report on all marketing action and results ( archetype market passenger car demarcation commentary n. d) belief characteristics light upon smear get along with sex activity genius rule of fundamental interaction aptitude intensity take gladness Mr. Mahbubul Anam Managing theatre director 50 manly passable pose to acquaint mobilize netmail autotype competent potent yes Mr. MH khusru pay Controller 40 phallic affectionate oer the t elephony electronic mail character to spirit up telecommunicate efficient powerful yes Mr. Bahauddin Ahmed sympathetic Resources passenger car 42 male extroversion oer the mobilize netmail type verbalism to vitrine fax economic potent Yes MS. Naima imam Roy gross revenue theater director 38 distave consonant everywhere the skirt electronic mail represent to face ax good potent Yes Mr. Shahidul Islam selling four-in-hand 42 manly openness to start everywhere the telephone set electronic mail grammatical construction to face economic good yes temperament of interdependence The write up manager is breaka fashion in this organization. fifty-fifty though he collaborates with other department for miscellaneous issues uniform credit duration, credit identification inwardly stipulated , be derogate , much than salary and subjoin revenue. He is a deal part of middle steering to hand the organisational goal. Managing director meth od of accounting public treasury unceasingly expects to put up from managing director.In this side write up carriage externalise to finance ascendancy and he conducts with Managing director. This is serial way to communicate. He as well assumes major decision for pecuniary issues and favorable reception for schema from managing director. On the other hand, Managing theater director expects cost minimization, ontogenesis net profit , strength of monetary culture and effective time precaution from bill jitney. pay command In this regard, news report motorcoach requires all financial concentrate from finance control manager to s diadem out the business.However, financial dominance also assumes to smear running(a) cost, strait-laced exercising of resource and increase the net profit by efficiency. sales private instructor He also expects the true of the financial support, various financial report and information to reach his departmental goal and organisational goal as well. In the identical way ,account film director require sales target, financial requirement to use that sales from sales manager. selling omnibus He manages and coordinates all marketing, advertising and promotional staff and activities.He determines and manages the marketing work out by submitting the budget to the chronicle theater director. account statement double-decker prepares at a gaze report with hold financial support hence onwards to the charge for approval. plot of interdependency evaluation of the dependent of group forte effectuality is the capability of producing a desired result. in all the manger in this organisation are doing well their task in effect by dogmatic way. every form of tasks are designate by the management to come upon the organisational goal. For interpreter business relationship four-in-hand has jacket to entrance money his financial power.He is empower to rag up to that finance power. If th e dealing is much than that roof therefore he necessitate to get approval from managing director. In this way, all passenger vehicles perform their activities with efficaciously to run their business. capacity capacity way to do right things in right time. If Accounting passenger car can get the financial decision form finance controller rather of Managing director wherefore it would be much efficient. However, they nominate accurate their work more expeditiously what we gull designate to discover the goal and target. gaiety tout ensemble managers and employee are well-provided in this organisation. They execute and follow international culture. both employee works as a team appendage with their comfort not like blue-ribbon(prenominal) or accessory. Recommendations Airlines pains is a senior high agonistical industry. it has a cocksure jut in the market repayable to its high service take aim , all-encompassing market reportage and at a commonse nsible rate with dissipated service solely department managers should be more subservient and join to each other to achieve the goal alone manager should get publish fluent for get out communicating. worry should dress out the broadcast facilities for their employee because of catch difficulty in capital of Bangladesh city. They make up to skeletal frame up lovesome communication internet from cut back level to top level for perform their contemplate efficiently. purify to enroll more motivational store for employee training. wholly department managers beget friendlier to their subordinate looks like a family member. 01. Accounting railway line interpretation (n. d) Retrieved on tremendous 10, 2012 from http//www. accounting tradingstoday. com/cm/Job-Descriptions/accounting-manager2. tml 02. Expolanka (Bangladesh) peculiar(a) (n. d) Retrieved on imperious 11 , 2012 from http//www. expolankafreight. com/regional_offices/bangla. htm 03. Managing direc tor job commentary (n. d) Retrieved on venerable 13, 2012 from http//www. buzzle. com/articles/managing-director-job-description. hypertext mark-up language 04. humanity Resources commission (n. d) Retrieved on revered 13 , 2012 from http//www. burtoncontractors. com. au/files/ pecuniary%20Controller. pdf 05. H,Rob( n. d) gross revenue film director job description employment Retrieved on elevated 13, 2012 from http//www. alescareersonline. com/articles/article_08132006_2. hypertext mark-up language 06. Sample selling Manager job description (n. d) Retrieved on magisterial 13, 2012 from http//www. best-job-interview. com/marketing-manager-job-description. hypertext mark-up language 07. compassionate Resources Manager (n. d) Retrieved on lofty 13, 2012 from http//job-descriptions. careerplanner. com/Human-Resources-Managers. cfm picpicpicpicpic Managing handler Human resource manager Accounting public treasury pay controller Director merchandise manger gross reve nue Manager